Journal
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 14, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00025
Keywords
dog; fMRI; visual; face-sensitive; face processing; inner face; DFA; face area
Categories
Funding
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [680040]
- National Research, Development and Innovation Office [115862K]
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences [F01/031, 95025]
- New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities [UNKP-18-4]
- Eotvos Lorand University
- Hungarian Brain Research Program [2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002]
- Program of National Excellence [2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002, NKP_17]
- ELTE Institutional Excellence Program [783-3/2018/FEKUTSRAT]
- Hungarian Ministry of Human Capacities
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Dogs are looking at and gaining information from human faces in a variety of contexts. Next to behavioral studies investigating the topic, recent fMRI studies reported face sensitive brain areas in dogs' temporal cortex. However, these studies used whole heads as stimuli which contain both internal (eyes, nose, mouth) and external facial features (hair, chin, face-outline). Behavioral studies reported that (1) recognition of human faces by dogs requires visibility of head contour and that (2) dogs are less successful in recognizing their owners from 2D pictures than from real human heads. In contrast, face perception in humans heavily depends on internal features and generalizes to 2D images. Whether putative face sensitive regions in dogs have comparable properties to those of humans has not been tested so far. In two fMRI experiments, we investigated (1) the location of putative face sensitive areas presenting only internal features of a real human face vs. a mono-colored control surface and (2) whether these regions show higher activity toward live human faces and/or static images of those faces compared to scrambled face images, all with the same outline. In Study 1 (n = 13) we found strong activity for faces in multiple regions, including the previously described temporo-parietal and occipital regions when the control was a mono-colored, homogeneous surface. These differences disappeared in Study 2 (n = 11) when we compared faces to scrambled faces, controlling for low-level visual cues. Our results do not support the assumption that dogs rely on a specialized brain region for processing internal facial characteristics, which is in line with the behavioral findings regarding dogs inability to recognize human faces based on these features.
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