Journal
TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
Volume 36, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101565
Keywords
Chagas disease; Cardiomyopathy; Myocarditis; Meningoencephalitis; Oral transmission; Foodborne; Latin America
Funding
- Asociacion Colombiana de Infectologia (ACIN)
- Latin American Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SLIPE)
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Over the past two decades, several countries in Latin American, particularly Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia, have experienced multiple outbreaks of oral Chagas disease. Transmission occurs secondary to contamination of food or beverages by triatomine (kissing bug) feces containing infective Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes. Orally transmitted infections are acute and potentially fatal. Oral Chagas transmission carries important clinical implications from management to public health policies compared to vector-borne transmission. This review aims to discuss the contemporary situation of orally acquired Chagas disease, and its eco-epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical management. We also propose preventive public health interventions to reduce the burden of disease and provide important perspectives for travel medicine. Travel health advisors need to counsel intending travellers to South America on avoidance of deadly feasts - risky beverages such as fruit juices including guava juice, bacaba, babacu and palm wine (vino de palma), acai pulp, sugar cane juice and foodstuffs such as wild animal meats that may be contaminated with T. cruzi.
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