4.8 Article

Earlier leaf-out warms air in the north

Journal

NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages 370-+

Publisher

NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41558-020-0713-4

Keywords

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Funding

  1. Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CASEarth [XDA19070203]
  2. Natural Science Foundation of China [41875107]
  3. US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research, Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program through the RUBISCO Scientific Focus Area [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
  4. National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a US Department of Energy Office of Science user facility [DEAC02-05CH11231]

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Climate change has led to earlier spring leaf-out in northern temperate and boreal regions. This advanced leaf-out causes warming in the Northern Hemisphere due to the combined effects of water vapour, cloud and snow-albedo feedbacks on the surface energy budget. Earlier leaf-out in response to climate warming has been recorded in northern temperate and boreal regions. In turn, this shift modifies climate by altering seasonal cycles of surface energy, water and carbon budgets. Here, we use the Community Earth System Model 1.2 to investigate climate feedbacks from advanced leaf-out in northern temperate and boreal vegetation. An imposed 12-day earlier leaf-out in this region, consistent with recent observations, enhances annual surface warming in the Northern Hemisphere. We identify warming hotspots in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (0.7 degrees C), east and west edges of Siberia (0.4 degrees C) and southeastern Tibetan Plateau (0.3 degrees C). We attribute this enhanced warming to combined effects of indirect water vapour, cloud and snow-albedo radiative feedbacks through intensified poleward water vapour transport rather than direct vegetation albedo and latent heat biophysical feedbacks. With continued warming, positive feedbacks between climate and leaf phenology are likely to amplify warming in the northern high latitudes.

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