Journal
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 20-+Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41558-019-0662-y
Keywords
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Funding
- US CLIVAR
- US National Science Foundation [AGS-1657748, PLR-1504361, 1901352]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within the Transregional Collaborative Research Center Arctic Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms (AC)3 [268020496-TRR 172]
- Academy of Finland [317999]
- NOAA Arctic Research Program
- Woods Hole Research Center
- US DOE [DE-SC0016605]
- Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [KMI2018-01015]
- National Research Foundation [NRF_2017R1A2B4007480]
- Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers [FKZ HRSF-0036]
- Korea Meteorological Institute (KMI) [KMI2018-01015] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2017R1A2B4007480] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- NERC [cpom30001] Funding Source: UKRI
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The Arctic has warmed more than twice as fast as the global average since the late twentieth century, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification (AA). Recently, there have been considerable advances in understanding the physical contributions to AA, and progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms that link it to midlatitude weather variability. Observational studies overwhelmingly support that AA is contributing to winter continental cooling. Although some model experiments support the observational evidence, most modelling results show little connection between AA and severe midlatitude weather or suggest the export of excess heating from the Arctic to lower latitudes. Divergent conclusions between model and observational studies, and even intramodel studies, continue to obfuscate a clear understanding of how AA is influencing midlatitude weather. Amplified warming in the Arctic has been linked to weather variability in the midlatitudes. This Review considers the evidence from both observations and modelling studies on this link for increasing severe winter weather, including cold temperatures and heavy snowfalls.
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