Journal
JOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION
Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 985-993Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13209
Keywords
Gestational diabetes mellitus; Obesity; Type 2 diabetes
Categories
Funding
- Hong Kong Foundation for Research and Development in Diabetes
- Research Grants Council Theme-based Research Scheme [T12-402/13N]
- RGC General Research Fund [14110415]
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Aims/Introduction Women with gestational diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. We characterized the association between maternal glycemia during pregnancy with long-term outcomes. Methods and Methods In this prospective nested case-cohort study, participants were recalled for follow up with detailed evaluation including oral glucose tolerance test at 8, 15 and 22 years. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of developing impaired glucose tolerance/type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome at follow up. The association between maternal glycemia at pregnancy and follow up was evaluated by linear regression. We also charted trajectory of beta-cell function during follow up. Results The analysis included 121 women with a mean follow-up period of 22.5 years, and a mean age of 50.3 years. Gestational diabetes was associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.48 (95% confidence interval 1.03-5.99) for combined diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance at follow up (P = 0.04). Women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index >= 23 had an odds ratio of 5.43 (95% confidence interval 1.87-15.72) for metabolic syndrome at follow up, compared with those with body mass index <23 (P = 0.002). Both fasting and 2-h glucose during pregnancy were strongly associated with glycemic indices at follow up (P-value <0.001-0.016). Gestational diabetes was associated with impaired beta-cell function that remained relatively stable after the index pregnancy. Conclusions Chinese women with a history of gestational diabetes have a high prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance/type 2 diabetes at 22-year follow up. Glucose levels during mid-pregnancy are strongly associated with those of middle age.
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