Journal
BMC ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
Volume 20, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0485-x
Keywords
Built environment; Walkability; Diabetes; Cardio-metabolic risk factors; Epidemiology
Categories
Funding
- Competence Network Diabetes Mellitus of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01GI1110C]
- Competence Network Obesity (BMBF) [01GI1121B]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft as part of the Collaborative Research Center 598 Heart failure in the elderly-cellular mechanisms and therapy at the Medical Faculty of the Martin-LutherUniversity Halle-Wittenberg
- Wilhelm-Roux Programme of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg
- Ministry of Education and Cultural Affairs of Saxony-Anhalt
- Federal Employment Office
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01ZZ0403]
- Ministry for Education, Research, and Cultural Affairs
- Ministry for Social Affairs of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania
- Heinz Nixdorf Foundation (Germany)
- German Ministry of Education and Science
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health - German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
- State of Bavaria
- Munich Center of Health Sciences (MCHealth), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, as part of LMUinnovativ
- German Migraine and Headache Society
- Allmiral
- Astra-Zeneca
- BerlinChemie
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma
- Boots Healthcare
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Janssen Cilag
- McNeil Pharmaceuticals
- MSD Sharp Dohme
- Pfizer
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care the West Midlands
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Background Highly walkable neighbourhoods may increase transport-related and leisure-time physical activity and thus decrease the risk for obesity and obesity-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods We investigated the association between walkability and prevalent/incident T2D in a pooled sample from five German cohorts. Three walkability measures were assigned to participant's addresses: number of transit stations, points of interest, and impedance (restrictions to walking due to absence of intersections and physical barriers) within 640 m. We estimated associations between walkability and prevalent/incident T2D with modified Poisson regressions and adjusted for education, sex, age at baseline, and cohort. Results Of the baseline 16,008 participants, 1256 participants had prevalent T2D. Participants free from T2D at baseline were followed over a mean of 9.2 years (SD: 3.5, minimum: 1.6, maximum: 14.8 years). Of these, 1032 participants developed T2D. The three walkability measures were not associated with T2D. The estimates pointed toward a zero effect or were within 7% relative risk increase per 1 standard deviation with 95% confidence intervals including 1. Conclusion In the studied German settings, walkability differences might not explain differences in T2D.
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