Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 11, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14207-w
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Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFA0205004, 2018FYA0305800, 2017YFA0303500]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [11474261, 11634011, 11774269, 61434002]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [WK3510000006, WK3430000003]
- Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies [AHY170000]
- Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB30000000]
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A properly strained graphene monolayer or bilayer is expected to harbour periodic pseudo-magnetic fields with high symmetry, yet to date, a convincing demonstration of such pseudo-magnetic fields has been lacking, especially for bilayer graphene. Here, we report a definitive experimental proof for the existence of large-area, periodic pseudo-magnetic fields, as manifested by vortex lattices in commensurability with the moire patterns of low-angle twisted bilayer graphene. The pseudo-magnetic fields are strong enough to confine the massive Dirac electrons into circularly localized pseudo-Landau levels, as observed by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, and also corroborated by tight-binding calculations. We further demonstrate that the geometry, amplitude, and periodicity of the pseudo-magnetic fields can be fine-tuned by both the rotation angle and heterostrain. Collectively, the present study substantially enriches twisted bilayer graphene as a powerful enabling platform for exploration of new and exotic physical phenomena, including quantum valley Hall effects and quantum anomalous Hall effects.
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