Fertility and sexuality issues in congenital lifelong urology patients: male aspects

Purpose To review existing literature about fertility and sexuality of boys born with complex congenital genitourinary anomalies. Methods A Pubmed review was performed in December 2018 to identify the most relevant original manuscripts regarding male complex congenital conditions affecting the urogenital system in male patients including spina bifida (SB), bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) and hypospadias. A comprehensive review was drafted exploring sexual dysfunction from a medical, psychosexual, surgical and reproductive point of view during transition from childhood (or adolescence) to adulthood. Results About 75% of men with SB have erectile dysfunction (ED) (Game et al. in Urology 67(3):566-570, 2006; Diamond et al. in 58(4):434-435, 1986). Most SB patients have impaired sexual development mainly due to diminished self-esteem, dependence on caregivers and lack of privacy (Blum et al. in Pediatrics 88(2):280-285, 1991). Men with BEEC have fewer intimate relationships than women because of the greater difficulties with issues regarding their genitalia and sexual activities (Deans et al. in Am J Obstet Gynecol 206(6):496.e1-496.e6, 2012). However, a good quality of life is achievable with the effective use of coping strategies (Deng et al. in Transl Androl Urol 7:941, 2018; Rikken et al. in BMC Womens Health 18(1):163, 2018; Friedler et al. in Reprod Biomed Online 32(1):54-61, 2016). Chordee occurs in 25% of all hypospadias patients. More severe hypospadias is related to a greater risk for complications. The long-term sexual quality of life (QoL) in men who underwent hypospadias surgery is influenced by a lot of factors. Therefore, an interactive and dynamic biopsychosocial model of sexual QoL was proposed. Conclusions The care of patients with congenital urologic conditions becomes a challenge especially in the period of 'transition'. The goal of follow-up is a holistic management viewed from a medical, psychosexual, surgical end reproductive point. All patients should be asked for specific urinary, fecal or sexual concerns.

Automated summary

The review of literature on fertility and sexuality of boys born with complex congenital genitourinary anomalies revealed that a majority of men with SB experience erectile dysfunction, while impaired sexual development is mainly attributed to diminished self-esteem, dependence on caregivers, and lack of privacy. Men with BEEC have fewer intimate relationships compared to women due to challenges with genitalia and sexual activities. However, a good quality of life can be achieved through effective coping strategies.