Hydroxyl radical scavenging by solid mineral surfaces in oxidative treatment systems: Rate constants and implications

Advanced oxidation treatment processes used in various applications to treat contaminated soil, water, and groundwater involve powerful radical intermediates, including hydroxyl radicals (center dot OH). Inefficiency in center dot OH-driven treatment systems involves scavenging reactions where center dot OH react with non-target species in the aqueous and solid phases. Here, center dot OH were generated in iron (Fe)- and UV-activated hydrogen peroxide (Fe-AHP, UV-AHP) systems where the loss of rhodamine B served as a quantitative metric for center dot OH activity. Kinetic analysis methods were developed to estimate the specific center dot OH surface scavenging rate constant (k( S)). In the Fe-AHP system, k( S) for silica (2.85 x 10(6) 1 /m(2) x s) and alumina (3.92 x 10(6) 1/ m(2) x s) were similar. In the UV-AHP system, estimates of k( S) for silica (4.50 x 10(6) 1/m(2) x s) and alumina (7.45 x 10(6) 1/m(2) x s) were higher. k( S) for montmorillonite (MMT) in the UV-AHP system was <= 4.22 x 10(5) 1/m(2) x s. Overall, k( S),(silica) - k( S), alumina > k( S),(MMT) indicating k( S) is mineral specific. Radical scavenging was dominated by surface scavenging at 10-50 g/L silica, alumina, or MMT, in both Fe-AHP and UV-AHP systems. The experimentally-derived surface center dot OH scavenging rate constants were extended to in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) treatment conditions to contrast center dot OH reaction rates with contaminant and aqueous phase reactants found in aquifer systems. center dot OH reaction was dominated by solid surfaces comprised of silica, alumina, and montmorillonite minerals relative to center dot OH reaction with trichloroethylene, the target compound, and H2O2, a well-documented radical scavenger. These results indicate that solid mineral surfaces play a key role in limiting the degradation rate of contaminants found in soil and groundwater, and the overall treatment efficiency in ISCO systems. The aggressive center dot OH scavenging measured was partially attributed to the relative abundance of scavenging sites on mineral surfaces. Published by Elsevier Ltd.