Effects of rotavirus vaccine on all-cause acute gastroenteritis and rotavirus hospitalizations in Israel: A nationwide analysis

Background: In December 2010, the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq) was added to the national immunization program in Israel. The study aim was to examine national reductions in all-cause acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) hospitalizations among children aged 0-59 months following the introduction of universal rotavirus immunization in Israel. Methods: We extracted data from the Israel National Hospital Discharge Database. Hospitalization rates were calculated by dividing the annual number of all-cause AGE and RVGE hospitalizations by the number of children aged 0-59 months residing Israel. To assess rate reductions, we compared the mean hospitalization rate for the pre-vaccine years (2002-2008) with that for the universal vaccination years (2011-2017). Interrupted time-series analyses were undertaken. During 2008-2010 rotavirus vaccines were partially available. Results: A total of 131,116 AGE hospitalizations were reported, of which 13,111 (10.0%) were coded as RVGE hospitalizations. The average annual all-cause AGE hospitalization rate during the pre-vaccine period was 147.9 (95% CI 146.7-149.0) per 10,000 children aged 0-59 months, and declined by 38.7-53.0% during the universal vaccination years. The average annual pre-vaccine RVGE hospitalization rate was 16.9 (95% CI 16.5-17.3) per 10,000 children, and declined by 89.1% during 2016-2017. Findings from interrupted time-series analyses showed significant impact of introducing universal rotavirus immunization on the declines of all-cause AGE and RVGE hospitalizations rates. A multivariable Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model showed that the variable immunization period was a significant predictor of RVGE hospitalizations (t = 7.3, p < 0.001) for the universal vaccination years. The declines in hospitalizations rates of all-cause AGE were lower among Arab children compared to Jewish children, but the declines in RVGE rates were similar between the groups. Conclusions: National hospitalization data demonstrated substantial and consistent reductions in all-cause AGE and RVGE hospitalizations following the implementation of universal rotavirus vaccination program. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.