Sample preparation and extraction methods for pesticides in aquatic environments: A review

Pesticides are the most hazardous environmental pollutants due to their stability, mobility and long-term effects on living organisms. Their existence in sources of drinking water, essential to life, is a specific danger to living organisms. In water, these compounds may metamorphose to produce substances with even greater toxicity. Pesticide levels in diverse environments are generally below the limits of detection for many analytical instruments, so it is essential to isolate and then enrich pesticides from the complex matrix to decrease the interference effects in order to obtain a reliable signal. The main objective of this review is to evaluate the new sample preparation and extraction methods for the analysis of pesticides in various water samples. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.