Journal
SENSORS
Volume 19, Issue 24, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s19245481
Keywords
brain cancer; hyperspectral imaging; intraoperative imaging; feature selection; image-guided surgery; genetic algorithm; particle swarm optimization; ant colony optimization; support vector machine; machine learning
Funding
- Canary Islands Government through the ACIISI (Canarian Agency for Research, Innovation and the Information Society), ITHACA project Hyperspectral Identification of Brain Tumors [ProID2017010164]
- Spanish Government
- European Union (FEDER funds) [TEC2017-86722-C4-1-R]
- Agencia Canaria de Investigacion, Innovacion y Sociedad de la Informacion (ACIISI) of the Conserjeria de Economia, Industria, Comercio y Conocimiento of the Gobierno de Canarias by the European Social Fund (FSE) [Eje 3 Tema Prioritario 74]
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Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a non-ionizing and non-contact imaging technique capable of obtaining more information than conventional RGB (red green blue) imaging. In the medical field, HSI has commonly been investigated due to its great potential for diagnostic and surgical guidance purposes. However, the large amount of information provided by HSI normally contains redundant or non-relevant information, and it is extremely important to identify the most relevant wavelengths for a certain application in order to improve the accuracy of the predictions and reduce the execution time of the classification algorithm. Additionally, some wavelengths can contain noise and removing such bands can improve the classification stage. The work presented in this paper aims to identify such relevant spectral ranges in the visual-and-near-infrared (VNIR) region for an accurate detection of brain cancer using in vivo hyperspectral images. A methodology based on optimization algorithms has been proposed for this task, identifying the relevant wavelengths to achieve the best accuracy in the classification results obtained by a supervised classifier (support vector machines), and employing the lowest possible number of spectral bands. The results demonstrate that the proposed methodology based on the genetic algorithm optimization slightly improves the accuracy of the tumor identification in similar to 5%, using only 48 bands, with respect to the reference results obtained with 128 bands, offering the possibility of developing customized acquisition sensors that could provide real-time HS imaging. The most relevant spectral ranges found comprise between 440.5-465.96 nm, 498.71-509.62 nm, 556.91-575.1 nm, 593.29-615.12 nm, 636.94-666.05 nm, 698.79-731.53 nm and 884.32-902.51 nm.
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