Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 697, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134204
Keywords
Soil nutrients; Soil enzymatic activity; Multiple ecosystems functions; Forest management; Tree age
Categories
Funding
- Castilla-La Mancha Education and Science Department [POII10-0112-7316]
- Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions of the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-MSCA-IF-2016 under REA grant [702057]
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The shift in ecosystemmultifunctionality during ecosystem succession (years to decades) remains largely unexplored. In this study, we used a 120-year-old pine temperate forest chronosequence (1: 1-19 years, stage 2: 20-39 years, stage 3: 40-59 years, stage 4: 60-79 years, stage 5: 80-99 years, stage 6: 100-120 years) to evaluate the role that time plays in shaping ecosystem multifunctionality (nutrient cycling, carbon stocks, water regulation, decomposition and wood production), and found that, over the first century, ecosystemfunctioning gradually increased every similar to 50 years. Such a result was maintained for individual groups of ecosystem functions and services including nutrient cycling, carbon stocks, decomposition and wood production. Plant diversity and soil stoichiometry (C:N ratio) were the major environmental predictors for the changes in ecosystem multifunctionality during forest secondary succession. Plant diversity increased during ecosystem succession andwas positively related to ecosystem multifunctionality. The soil C:Nratio decreased during ecosystem succession andwas negatively related tomultifunctionality. Our results suggest that increases in aboveground resource heterogeneity (higher plant diversity) and organic matter quality (lower soil C:N ratios) could help explain the increases in multifunctionality over a century of forest development. Our work illustrates the importance of time in shaping multifunctionality during the first century of ecosystem succession, and further provide important insights for the management of temperate forest ecosystems. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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