Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 699, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134389
Keywords
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR); Intracellular phosphate; Polyphosphate; Ultrasonic; Extracellular polymer substances (EPS)
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21577174]
- Chongqing Basic Science and Advanced Technology Research Program [CSTC2015jcyjB0390]
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Intracellular polyphosphate (poly-P) plays important roles in Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process, but an effective and reliable protocol for extracting intracellular P and its poly-P in EBPR sludge without hydrolysis of poly-P has not been setup yet. In the study, it was revealed that the severe hydrolysis of intracellular poly-P occurred during the different extraction processes, such as acid (i.e., HClO4, H2SO4 and HCl), basic (i.e., NaOH and KOH) and freezing-grind (under different solid-liquid ratios), but it did not occur during ultrasonic extraction process. The optimal extraction process of the ultrasonic protocol was 10 w/mL of ultrasonic power density and 15 min of ultrasonic time, when the extraction efficiency of intracellular P was 88.24 +/- 1.56%. In addition, the extraction efficiency of intracellular P could be furtherly improved by that the 0.75 mol/L LiCl solution was used to resuspend the bacterial cell before ultrasonic extraction (i.e., LiCl-ultrasonic protocol). The ultrasonic protocol was more suitable to extract the intracellular P and its poly-P of EBPR sludge than the other 4 protocols (i.e., PCA-NaOH, EDTA-NaOH, freezing-grind and Lia-ultrasonic), which had the technical characteristics of (i) with relatively high extraction efficiency of intracellular P. (ii) without hydrolysis of intracellular poly-P, (iii) with weak noise signal in P-31 NMR spectrum and (iv) with simple extraction process and short extraction time. It was founded by the ultrasonic protocol that there was the high content (82.88%-89.79% of intracellular P content) of intracellular poly-P with long average chain length 376.4-383.2) in the EBPR sludges. Importantly, it was confirmed that the EBPR process was related to the combined action of extracellular and intracellular poly-P using a new fractionation method of P in EBPR sludge, which included the ultrasonic protocol at high power density for extracting the intracellular P and its poly-P. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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