Restoration ecology in the Anthropocene: learning from responses of tropical forests to extreme disturbance events

Extreme disturbance events denote another aspect of global environmental changes archetypal of the Anthropocene. These events of climatic or anthropic origin are challenging our perceived understanding about how forests respond to disturbance. I present a general framework of tropical forest responses to extreme disturbance events with specific examples from tropical dry forests. The linkage between level of disturbance severity and dominant mechanism of vegetation recovery is reflected on a variety of initial trajectories of forest succession. Accordingly, more realistic and cost-effective restoration goals in many tropical forests likely consist in maintaining a mosaic of different successional trajectories while promoting landscape connectivity, rather than encouraging full-ecosystem recovery to pre-disturbance conditions. Incorporating extreme disturbance events into the global restoration ecology agenda will be essential to design well-informed ecosystem management strategies in the coming decades.