Journal
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Volume 145, Issue -, Pages 99-105Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.002
Keywords
Biodiesel; Waste shark liver oil; Transesterification; Design of experiments; Homogeneous acid and base catalysis
Funding
- Diwan of Royal Court, Sultanate of Oman
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Biodiesel is a renewable alternative to petro-diesel. There is an established conventional production technology based on refined vegetable oils. However, this is always more expensive than petroleum-based diesel, mainly due to the feedstock cost, and the biodiesel market is based on subsidies. Use of a cheap non-edible feedstock, such as waste shark liver oil (WSLO), would reduce the biodiesel production cost and make the process more economically viable. In this study, production of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from WSLO using both acid (H2SO4) and base (NaOH) catalysts were investigated using a Design of Experiments approach (response surface methodology). Due to the high levels of FFA (free fatty acids) homogeneous alkali-catalysed transesterification of WSLO was less effective than the acid-catalysed process, resulting in WSLO to FAME conversion of 12% after 60 min, with maximum FAME conversion of about 40% after 15 min. Acid-catalysed WSLO transesterification achieved 99% FAME conversion at 10.3 M ratio of methanol to WSLO, 6.5 h reaction time, 60 degrees C temperature, and 5.9 wt % of H2SO4 catalyst. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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