Journal
RECENT PATENTS ON ANTI-CANCER DRUG DISCOVERY
Volume 15, Issue 1, Pages 14-31Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200227090259
Keywords
Cancer; clioquinol; copper ionophore; cytotoxicity; proteasome; zinc ionophore
Categories
Funding
- National Cancer Institute [R21CA184788]
- National Institutes of Health [P30 CA022453]
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Background: Cancer is a prevalent disease in the world and is becoming more widespread as time goes on. Advanced and more effective chemotherapeutics need to be developed for the treatment of cancer to keep up with this prevalence. Repurposing drugs is an alternative to discover new chemotherapeutics. Clioquinol is currently being studied for reposition as an anti-cancer drug. Objective: This study aimed to summarize the anti-cancer effects of clioquinol and its derivatives through a detailed literature and patent review and to review their potential re-uses in cancer treatment. Methods: Research articles were collected through a PubMed database search using the keywords Clioquinol and Cancer. The keywords Clioquinol Derivatives and Clioquinol Analogues were also used on a PubMed database search to gather research articles on clioquinol derivatives. Patents were gathered through a Google Patents database search using the keywords Clioquinol and Cancer. Results: Clioquinol acts as a copper and zinc ionophore, a proteasome inhibitor, an anti-angiogenesis agent, and is an inhibitor of key signal transduction pathways responsible for its growth-inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity in cancer cells preclinically. A clinical trial conducted by Schimmer et al., resulted in poor outcomes that prompted studies on alternative clioquinol-based applications, such as new combinations, new delivery methods, or new clioquinol-derived analogues. In addition, numerous patents claim alternative uses of clioquinol for cancer therapy. Conclusion: Clioquinol exhibits anti-cancer activities in many cancer types, preclinically. Low therapeutic efficacy in a clinical trial has prompted new studies that aim to discover more effective clioquinol-based cancer therapies.
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