Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 117, Issue 11, Pages 5588-5594Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915470117
Keywords
potassium-ion battery; dendrite healing; safety
Categories
Funding
- NSF [1922633]
- John A. Clark and Edward T. Crossan endowed Chair Professorship at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Div Of Industrial Innovation & Partnersh
- Directorate For Engineering [1922633] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The use of potassium (K) metal anodes could result in high-performance K-ion batteries that offer a sustainable and low-cost alternative to lithium (Li)-ion technology. However, formation of dendrites on such K-metal surfaces is inevitable, which prevents their utilization. Here, we report that K dendrites can be healed in situ in a K-metal battery. The healing is triggered by current-controlled, self-heating at the electrolyte/dendrite interface, which causes migration of surface atoms away from the dendrite tips, thereby smoothening the dendritic surface. We discover that this process is strikingly more efficient for K as compared to Limetal. We show that the reason for this is the far greater mobility of surface atoms in K relative to Li metal, which enables dendrite healing to take place at an order-of-magnitude lower current density. We demonstrate that the K-metal anode can be coupled with a potassium cobalt oxide cathode to achieve dendrite healing in a practical full-cell device.
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