Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 117, Issue 6, Pages 2987-2992Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913598117
Keywords
bioflow; cotone; emergence; Ephemeroptera; radar entomology
Categories
Funding
- NSF-Division of Emerging Frontiers Grant [1840230]
- NSF-Division of Graduate Education Grant [1545261]
- Division Of Graduate Education
- Direct For Education and Human Resources [1545261] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Emerging Frontiers
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1840230] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Seasonal animal movement among disparate habitats is a fundamental mechanism by which energy, nutrients, and biomass are transported across ecotones. A dramatic example of such exchange is the annual emergence of mayfly swarms from freshwater benthic habitats, but their characterization at macroscales has remained impossible. We analyzed radar observations of mayfly emergence flights to quantify long-term changes in annual biomass transport along the Upper Mississippi River and Western Lake Erie Basin. A single emergence event can produce 87.9 billion mayflies, releasing 3,078.6 tons of biomass into the airspace over several hours, but in recent years, production across both waterways has declined by over 50%. As a primary prey source in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, these declines will impact higher trophic levels and environmental nutrient cycling.
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