Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
Volume 108, Issue 2, Pages 324-340Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2019.2950349
Keywords
Reliability; Wireless communication; Broadcasting; Internet; Resource management; Vehicle-to-everything; Delays; Internet of Vehicles (IoV); reliability; scalability; wireless communications
Categories
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Compute Canada
- Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC)
- 111 Project [B12018]
- Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [61973218]
- Knowledge Foundation
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF)
- Excellence Center at Linkoping-Lund in Information Technology (ELLIIT) Strategic Research Network
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Reliable and scalable wireless transmissions for Internet of Vehicles (IoV) are technically challenging. Each vehicle, from driver-assisted to automated one, will generate a flood of information, up to thousands of times of that by a person. Vehicle density may change drastically over time and location. Emergency messages and real-time cooperative control messages have stringent delay constraints while infotainment applications may tolerate a certain degree of latency. On a congested road, thousands of vehicles need to exchange information badly, only to find that service is limited due to the scarcity of wireless spectrum. Considering the service requirements of heterogeneous IoV applications, service guarantee relies on an in-depth understanding of network performance and innovations in wireless resource management leveraging the mobility of vehicles, which are addressed in this article. For single-hop transmissions, we study and compare the performance of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) beacon broadcasting using random access-based (IEEE 802.11p) and resource allocation-based (cellular vehicle-to-everything) protocols, and the enhancement strategies using distributed congestion control. For messages propagated in IoV using multihop V2V relay transmissions, the fundamental network connectivity property of 1-D and 2-D roads is given. To have a message delivered farther away in a sparse, disconnected V2V network, vehicles can carry and forward the message, with the help of infrastructure if possible. The optimal locations to deploy different types of roadside infrastructures, including storage-only devices and roadside units with Internet connections, are analyzed.
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