Journal
PLANT DISEASE
Volume 104, Issue 6, Pages 1701-1708Publisher
AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-11-19-2361-RE
Keywords
bacterial blight; melatonin; rice resistance; Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31571974]
- Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest [201303015]
- National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFD0200900]
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China [BK20170606]
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products [2010DS700124-KF2007]
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Rice bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is one of the most serious diseases of rice. In this study we found that exogenous melatonin can increase rice resistance to BB. Treatment of rice plants with exogenous melatonin (20 mu g/ml) increased nitrate reductase, nitric oxide synthase, and peroxidase activity, enabling high intracellular concentrations of melatonin, nitric oxide, and H2O2. The expression of NPR1, a key regulator in the salicylic acid signaling pathway, was upregulated more than 10-fold when the plants were challenged with melatonin. Similarly, the messenger RNA level of PDF1.2, a jasmonic acid-induced defense marker, was 15 times higher in the treated plants than in the control plants. Moreover, three pathogenesis-related proteins, PRIb, PR8a, and PR9, were upregulated 20-fold in the presence of melatonin. The application of melatonin (100 mu g/ml) to soil-grown rice reduced the incidence of BB by 86.21%. Taken together, these results not only provide a better understanding of melatonin-mediated innate immunity to X. oryzae pv. oryzae in rice but also represent a promising cultivation strategy to protect rice against X. oryzae pv. oryzae infection.
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