Journal
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Volume 31, Issue 4, Pages 458-471Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/pca.2909
Keywords
chickpea; common bean; faba bean; lentil; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; pea; polyphenols; pulse crops; seed coats
Funding
- Government of Saskatchewan Agriculture Development Fund [20150285]
- Innovationsfonden [345932]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [IRCPJ 395994-14/IRCSA 395993-14]
- Saskatchewan Pulse Growers [IRC 386279-09]
- Western Grains Research Foundation [VarD1609]
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Introduction Pulse crops are nutritious and therefore widely grown. Pulse seed coats are typically discarded, despite their high content of polyphenols that are known for their antioxidant properties and health benefits. A better understanding of polyphenol diversity and biochemical pathways will ultimately provide insight into how polyphenols are linked to health benefits, which will help to better utilise these seed coats. Objectives To explore polyphenol profiles among seed coats of diverse genotypes of five pulse crops using a targeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. Methods Four genotypes of each of common bean, chickpea, pea, lentil and faba bean seed coats were selected for analysis. Following extraction, polyphenols were quantified using LC-MS. Results An LC-MS method was developed to quantify 98 polyphenols from 13 different classes in 30 min. The low-tannin seed coats had the lowest concentrations of all polyphenols. Chickpea and pea seed coats had the most similar polyphenolic profiles. The black common bean showed the most diverse seed coat polyphenol profile, including several anthocyanins not detected in any of the other seed coats. Conclusion The LC-MS method reported herein was used to show polyphenol diversity within several polyphenol classes among the pulse crop seed coats. Detected in all seed coats, flavonols and hydroxybenzoic acids appear well-conserved in the edible Fabaceae. The presence of anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanins in the coloured seed coats suggests that unique divergent branches were introduced in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, possibly in response to environmental stressors.
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