Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 124, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.017201
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Funding
- Center for Emergent Materials, an NSF [DMR-1420451]
- Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation
- German Science Foundation (DFG) [WE6480/1]
- NSF [DMR-1157490, DMR-1644779]
- State of Florida
- National Research Foundation of Korea [PG071402] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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We lay the foundation for determining the microscopic spin interactions in two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnets by combining angle-dependent ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) experiments on high quality CrI3 single crystals with theoretical modeling based on symmetries. We discover that the Kitaev interaction is the strongest in this material with K similar to -5.2 meV, 25 times larger than the Heisenberg exchange J similar to -0.2 meV, and responsible for opening the similar to 5 meV gap at the Dirac points in the spin-wave dispersion. Furthermore, we find that the symmetric off-diagonal anisotropy Gamma similar to -67.5 mu eV, though small, is crucial for opening a similar to 0.3 meV gap in the magnon spectrum at the zone center and stabilizing ferromagnetism in the 2D limit. The high resolution of the FMR data further reveals a mu eV-scale quadrupolar contribution to the S = 3/2 magnetism. Our identification of the underlying exchange anisotropies opens paths toward 2D ferromagnets with higher T-C as well as magnetically frustrated quantum spin liquids based on Kitaev physics.
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