Journal
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
Volume 39, Issue 4, Pages 339-344Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002549
Keywords
invasive pneumococcal disease; vaccine failures; serotype 19A; non-PCV13; meningitis
Categories
Funding
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
- Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre
- Pfizer Ireland
- Horizon 2020
- Astellas
- Pfizer
- Pfizer (Ireland)
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Background: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) causes life-threatening illnesses including meningitis and bloodstream infection. Here, we report the impact of 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7/PCV13) after introduction into the Irish pediatric immunization schedule in 2008 and 2010, respectively, and the clinical details surrounding suspected PCV vaccine failures. Methods: Serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all culture-confirmed cases referred from children Results: The number of IPD cases has decreased by >50% since the introduction of PCVs. The most significant decline PCV serotypes in children <2 years of age, with a 97% decline in PCV7 serotypes, incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.00-0.21; and a 78% decline PCV13-only (PCV13-7) serotypes, IRR 0.22, 95% CI: 0.05-1.04, respectively. However, there has been an increase in non-PCV13 serotypes in children <2 years during the same period (IRR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.02-7.84; P = 0.0463), with similar serotype trends observed for those 2-4 and 5-15 years of age. There were no clear vaccine replacement serotypes, instead a number of different serotypes emerged. Sixteen vaccine failures were identified, 10 of which were postbooster vaccine failures. Most failures were serotype 19A and resistant to antimicrobials. Conclusions: Further reducing the incidence of IPD is more challenging as the number of non-PCV13 serotypes has expanded and is now less susceptible to antimicrobials. Consequently, higher valency or broader target vaccines are now required to further prevent IPD in children.
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