Toxoplasma gondii protects from IgE sensitization and induces Th1/Th2 immune profile

Toxoplasma gondii (T gondii) infection has been associated with protection against allergy and autoimmune diseases. We investigated the effects of T gondii infection on cytokine and antibody responses in atopic and nonatopic Brazilian subjects. We have measured in whole-blood cultures, Th1 (IFN-gamma and IL-12), Th2 (IL-5) and regulatory cytokine IL-10 in blood cells unstimulated and stimulated with pokeweed mitogen or T gondii soluble tachyzoites antigen (STAg) or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen. A significant negative association was found between high levels of anti-dust mite IgE and T gondii seropositivity (OR = 0.46; 95%CI = 0.25-0.85). STAg stimulation induced a mixed profile of Th1 and Th2 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-12 and IL-5) in Tg-positive atopic individuals compared with Tg-negative atopic individuals (P < .0001, P = .033 and P = .003, respectively). In contrast, IL-10 production was not different between these groups. No association was found between T gondii infection and asthma. We hypothesized that the protective effect on atopy might be related to the strong Th1 immune response to T gondii found on the seropositive subjects. From our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the association between atopy and T gondii infection in Brazilian subjects, analysing the cellular immune responses.