Impact of Weight Loss on Inflammation State and Endothelial Markers Among Individuals with Extreme Obesity After Gastric Bypass Surgery: a 2-Year Follow-up Study

Background The medium-term impact of gastric bypass (GB) surgery on the inflammatory state and endothelial function of patients has yet to be confirmed. Objective This study aims to elucidate the inflammatory profile and endothelial dysfunction response of adults with obesity 6 and 24 months after undergoing GB surgery. Methods The anthropometric and biochemical markers of 32 adults with obesity (two men and 30 females) were collected preoperatively, and 6 and 24 months postoperatively. Results Body mass index (BMI) and excess weight had decreased by 15.79 +/- 1.21 kg/m(2) (p < 0.01) and 83.80 +/- 24.50% respectively at 24 months. Leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels, and the leptin/adiponectin ratio decreased significantly at both postoperative follow-up points compared with preoperative values (p < 0.01). IL-6 and ICAM-1 levels decreased between 6 and 24 months post-GB (p < 0.01). IL-6 and ICAM-1 levels decreased between 6- and 24-months post-GB (p < 0.01). Resistin levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) at 6-month follow-up. The levels of the anti-inflammatory biomarkers IL-10, adiponectin, and the adiponectin/leptin ratio significantly increased postoperatively. There was an improvement in metabolic disorders after surgery. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that after GB there was an improvement in the inflammatory profile, identified by a reduction in pro-inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, leptin) and an increase in anti-inflammatory markers (adiponectin, IL-10). The decrease in PAI-1 and ICAM-1 levels may suggest improvement in endothelial function. These findings provide clear evidence of the medium-term impact of GB on inflammation state and a number of endothelial markers, and a consequent reduction in the risk of cardiovascular diseases.