Journal
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 95, Issue 5, Pages 849-862Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22741
Keywords
coating homogeneity; controlled-release urea; release characteristics; fluidized-bed coating; starch coating material
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Funding
- Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia
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The present study investigates the effect of fluid-bed process parameters on the diffusion coefficient of nitrogen release and coating homogeneity of controlled-release urea (CRU) produced in a rotary fluidized bed using polyvinyl-alcohol-modified starch as a coating material. An existing mathematical model was used to estimate the diffusion coefficient. The coefficient of variance of size distribution and coating mass variation are reported as a measure of coating homogeneity. Statistical analysis suggested that the most influential process variables that govern urea release characteristics and coating homogeneity were (a) fluidizing gas temperature and (b) coating time. A moderate spray rate combined with longer coating time yielded the lowest diffusion coefficient for nutrient release. Elutriation as the result of elevated fluidizing gas temperature allowed a higher diffusion coefficient due to lower coating thickness. Burst release patterns were observed for granules with coating imperfections. The augmented temperature of fluidizing gas had a negative effect on coating mass and size distribution of CRU granules but the influence of longer coating time was positive.
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