Journal
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
Volume 32, Issue 2, Pages 259-265Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.05.015
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Funding
- Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship, Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Career Investigator award from the Heart & Stroke Foundation of Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Health Services Research
- Career Investigator Award from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
- Clinician Investigator Award from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
- merit award from the University of Toronto Department of Anesthesia
- Bernard S. Goldman Chair in Cardiovascular Surgery
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Observational studies using propensity-score methods have been increasing in the cardiovascular literature because randomized controlled trials are not always feasible or ethical. However, propensity-score methods can be confusing, and the general audience may not fully understand the importance of this technique. The objectives of this review are to describe (1) the fundamentals of propensity score methods, (2) the techniques to assess for propensity-score model adequacy, (3) the 4 major methods for using the propensity score (matching, stratification, covariate adjustment, and inverse probability of treatment weighting [IPTW]) using examples from previously published cardiovascular studies, and (4) the strengths and weaknesses of these 4 techniques. Our review suggests that matching or IPTW using the propensity score have shown to be most effective in reducing bias of the treatment effect.
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