Journal
NEURO-ONCOLOGY
Volume 22, Issue 7, Pages 1030-1043Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa023
Keywords
TSPO; PET; glioma; imaging biomarker; tumor microenvironment; GAMs; TAMs; MDSCs; DPA-714
Categories
Funding
- EU [278850]
- Horizon 2020 Programme [675417]
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence [DFG EXC1003-CiM]
- IMI2-JU [831514]
- German Research Foundation [DFG: Fa474/5, SFB1009-Z02]
- Medical Faculty of the University of Munster
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF core unit PIX), Munster, Germany
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Background. Tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are potent immunosuppressors in the glioma tumor microenvironment (TME).Their infiltration is associated with tumor grade, progression, and therapy resistance. Specific tools for image-guided analysis of spatiotemporal changes in the immunosuppressive myeloid tumor compartments are missing. We aimed (i) to evaluate the role of fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18)DPA-714* (translocator protein [TSPO]) PET-MRI in the assessment of the immunosuppressiveTME in glioma patients, and (ii) to cross-correlate imaging findings with in-depth immunophenotyping. Methods. To characterize the gliomaTME, a mixed collective of 9 glioma patients underwent [F-18]DPA-714-PET-MRI in addition to [F-18]fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine (FET)-PET-MRI. Image-guided biopsy samples were immunophenotyped by multiparametric flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. In vitro autoradiography was performed for image validation and assessment of tracer binding specificity. Results. We found a strong relationship (r= 0.84, P= 0.009) between the [F-18]DPA-714 uptake and the number and activation level of glioma-associated myeloid cells (GAMs). TSPO expression was mainly restricted to human leukocyte antigen D related-positive (HLA-DR+) activated GAMs, particularly to tumor-infiltrating HLA-DR+ MDSCs andTAMs. [F-18] DPA-714-positive tissue volumes exceeded [F-18]FET-positive volumes and showed a differential spatial distribution. Conclusion. [F-18]DPA-714-PET may be used to non-invasively image the glioma-associated immunosuppressive THE in vivo. This imaging paradigm may also help to characterize the heterogeneity of the glioma TME with respect to the degree of myeloid cell infiltration at various disease stages. [F-18]DPA-714 may also facilitate the development of new image-guided therapies targeting the myeloid-derived TME.
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