Journal
NATURE
Volume 579, Issue 7797, Pages 130-+Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2015-4
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Funding
- V Foundation Convergence Scholar Grant
- Stand Up to Cancer Convergence Award
- National Cancer Institute [K12CA184746-01A1]
- Damon Runyon Clinical Investigator Award
- Ben and Rose Cole Pria Foundation Scholar Award
- Sarah Min and Matthew Pincus Pancreatic Cancer Immunotherapy Award
- NIH [P30-CA008748, R01 CA204228, P30CA023108]
- Swim Across America
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy
- National Cancer Institute Cancer Center Support Grant [P30 CA008748-48]
- Cycle for Survival
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [ZIEBC011384] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Tumour-infiltrating group 2 innate lymphoid cells prime CD8(+) T cells and amplify the anti-tumour effects of PD-1 blockade in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) regulate inflammation and immunity in mammalian tissues(1,2). Although ILC2s are found in cancers of these tissues(3), their roles in cancer immunity and immunotherapy are unclear. Here we show that ILC2s infiltrate pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) to activate tissue-specific tumour immunity. Interleukin-33 (IL33) activates tumour ILC2s (TILC2s) and CD8(+) T cells in orthotopic pancreatic tumours but not heterotopic skin tumours in mice to restrict pancreas-specific tumour growth. Resting and activated TILC2s express the inhibitory checkpoint receptor PD-1. Antibody-mediated PD-1 blockade relieves ILC2 cell-intrinsic PD-1 inhibition to expand TILC2s, augment anti-tumour immunity, and enhance tumour control, identifying activated TILC2s as targets of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Finally, both PD-1(+) TILC2s and PD-1(+) T cells are present in most human PDACs. Our results identify ILC2s as anti-cancer immune cells for PDAC immunotherapy. More broadly, ILC2s emerge as tissue-specific enhancers of cancer immunity that amplify the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. As ILC2s and T cells co-exist in human cancers and share stimulatory and inhibitory pathways, immunotherapeutic strategies to collectively target anti-cancer ILC2s and T cells may be broadly applicable.
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