Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 25, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030668
Keywords
cyclic naphthalene diimide; G-quadruplex; dilute condition; molecular crowding condition
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan [19H02748, 19K15700]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [19H02748, 19K15700] Funding Source: KAKEN
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G-quadruplex specific targeting molecules, also termed as G4 ligands, are attracting increasing attention for their ability to recognize and stabilize G-quadruplex and high potentiality for biological regulation. However, G4 ligands recognizing G-quadruplex were generally investigated within a dilute condition, which might be interfered with under a cellular crowding environment. Here, we designed and synthesized several new cyclic naphthalene diimide (cNDI) derivatives, and investigated their interaction with G-quadruplex under molecular crowding condition (40% v/v polyethylene glycol (PEG)200) to mimic the cellular condition. The results indicated that, under molecular crowding conditions, cNDI derivatives were still able to recognize and stabilize G-quadruplex structures based on circular dichroism measurement. The binding affinities were slightly decreased but still comparatively high upon determination by isothermal titration calorimetry and UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy. More interestingly, cNDI derivatives were observed with preference to induce a telomere sequence to form a hybrid G-quadruplex under cation-deficient molecular crowding conditions.
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