Journal
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 113, Issue 5, Pages 923-937Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14459
Keywords
bacteria; dihydroxyacetone phosphate; extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli; methionine; Rhodospirillum rubrum; S-adenosylmethionine
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomic Science Program [SC0019338]
- Ruth L. Kirschstein NRSA [F32GM10954]
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S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) is a necessary cosubstrate for numerous essential enzymatic reactions including protein and nucleotide methylations, secondary metabolite synthesis and radical-mediated processes. Radical SAM enzymes produce 5MODIFIER LETTER PRIME-deoxyadenosine, and SAM-dependent enzymes for polyamine, neurotransmitter and quorum sensing compound synthesis produce 5MODIFIER LETTER PRIME-methylthioadenosine as by-products. Both are inhibitory and must be addressed by all cells. This work establishes a bifunctional oxygen-independent salvage pathway for 5MODIFIER LETTER PRIME-deoxyadenosine and 5MODIFIER LETTER PRIME-methylthioadenosine in both Rhodospirillum rubrum and Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Homologous genes for this pathway are widespread in bacteria, notably pathogenic strains within several families. A phosphorylase (Rhodospirillum rubrum) or separate nucleoside and kinase (Escherichia coli) followed by an isomerase and aldolase sequentially function to salvage these two wasteful and inhibitory compounds into adenine, dihydroxyacetone phosphate and acetaldehyde or (2-methylthio)acetaldehyde during both aerobic and anaerobic growth. Both SAM by-products are metabolized with equal affinity during aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions, suggesting that the dual-purpose salvage pathway plays a central role in numerous environments, notably the human body during infection. Our newly discovered bifunctional oxygen-independent pathway, widespread in bacteria, salvages at least two by-products of SAM-dependent enzymes for carbon and sulfur salvage, contributing to cell growth.
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