Journal
MOLECULAR CANCER
Volume 19, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-1144-6
Keywords
Cancer immunotherapy; Immune checkpoint blockade; PD-1; PD-L1; Immune cells; Precision medicine
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81672683, 81672993, 81772928, 81872278, 81972776]
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation (111 Project) [111-2-12]
- Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province [2017SK2105, 2018SK21210, 2018SK21211]
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Immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has promising therapeutic efficacy in a variety of tumors, but resistance during treatment is a major issue. In this review, we describe the utility of PD-L1 expression levels, mutation burden, immune cell infiltration, and immune cell function for predicting the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy. Furthermore, we explore the mechanisms underlying immunotherapy resistance caused by PD-L1 expression on tumor cells, T cell dysfunction, and T cell exhaustion. Based on these mechanisms, we propose combination therapeutic strategies. We emphasize the importance of patient-specific treatment plans to reduce the economic burden and prolong the life of patients. The predictive indicators, resistance mechanisms, and combination therapies described in this review provide a basis for improved precision medicine.
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