4.6 Review

Mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox dysfunctions in hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis

Journal

MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE
Volume 71, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100840

Keywords

Mitochondrial membrane potential; Mitochondrial permeability transition; Mitochondrial uncoupling; Hypercholesterolemia; Oxidative stress; Cell death

Funding

  1. Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (Fapesp) [2017/17728-8]
  2. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [300937/2018-0, 307681/2014-9]

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In the first part of this review, we summarize basic mitochondrial bioenergetics concepts showing that mitochondria are critical regulators of cell life and death. Until a few decades ago, mitochondria were considered to play essential roles only in respiration, ATP formation, non-shivering thermogenesis and a variety of metabolic pathways. However, the concept presented by Peter Mitchell regarding coupling between electron flow and ATP synthesis through the intermediary of a H+ electrochemical potential leads to the recognition that the proton-motive force also regulates a series of relevant cell signalling processes, such as superoxide generation, redox balance and Ca2+ handling. Alterations in these processes lead to cell death and disease states. In the second part of this review, we discuss the role of mitochondrial dysfunctions in the specific context of hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis. We provide a literature analysis that indicates a decisive role of mitochondrial redox dysfunction in the development of atherosclerosis and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms. Finally, we highlight the potential mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic strategies that are relevant for atherosclerosis.

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