Journal
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
Volume 97, Issue 12, Pages 2305-+Publisher
AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00274.1
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Funding
- NSF [AGS-1233874, OCE-0745508, AGS-1338427]
- Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science [DE-FC02-97ER62402]
- U.S. NSF [OCE-1334707, AGS-1462127]
- NOAA [NA11OAR4310154, NA14OAR4310278, NA14OAR4310160]
- China's National Basic Research Priorities Programme [2013CB956204]
- Natural Science Foundation of China [41222037, 41221063]
- NASA [NNX14AM71G, NNX14AM19G]
- BMBF SACUS project [03G0837A]
- European Union [603521]
- National Monsoon Mission, Ministry of Earth Sciences, India
- NASA [NNX14AM71G, 679083] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences [1558821] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1233874] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Well-known problems trouble coupled general circulation models of the eastern Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins. Model climates are significantly more symmetric about the equator than is observed. Model sea surface temperatures are biased warm south and southeast of the equator, and the atmosphere is too rainy within a band south of the equator. Near-coastal eastern equatorial SSTs are too warm, producing a zonal SST gradient in the Atlantic opposite in sign to that observed. The U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability Program (CLIVAR) Eastern Tropical Ocean Synthesis Working Group (WG) has pursued an updated assessment of coupled model SST biases, focusing on the surface energy balance components; on regional error sources from clouds, deep convection, winds, and ocean eddies; on the sensitivity to model resolution; and on remote impacts. Motivated by the assessment, the WG makes the following recommendations: 1) encourage identification of the specific parameterizations contributing to the biases in individual models, as these can be model-dependent; 2) restrict multimodel intercomparisons to specific processes; 3) encourage development of high-resolution coupled models with a concurrent emphasis on parameterization development of finer-scale ocean and atmosphere features, including low clouds; 4) encourage further availability of all surface flux components from buoys, for longer continuous time periods, in persistently cloudy regions; and 5) focus on the eastern basin coastal oceanic upwelling regions, where further opportunities for observational-modeling synergism exist.
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