Parametric Subharmonic Instability of the Semidiurnal Internal Tides at the East China Sea Shelf Slope

On the basis of measurements from an observing mooring system, the observational evidence of parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) that transfers energy from semidiurnal internal tides (ITs) to the subharmonic waves at the East China Sea continental shelf slope is presented for the first time. Although the mooring station is very close to the energetic semidiurnal IT generation site, about 76% of the observed shear variance is contained in the near-inertial band, which is found to have comparable upward- and downward-propagating energy components. Bispectra and bicoherence estimates further confirm the occurrence of PSI transferring energy from the low-mode M-2 ITs (vertical wavelength of similar to 1000 m) to high-mode subharmonic waves (vertical wavelength of similar to 200 m). The calculated energy transfer rate g reveals an averaged net value of similar to 5 x 10(-9) W kg(-1). Strong temporal variation of g is found that is not exactly in phase with the semidiurnal energy flux. After looking into the local vorticity fields, it is strongly suggested that the varying background relative vorticity associated with the evolving Kuroshio has modified the efficiency of PSI at the mooring location through changing the local effective inertial frequency.