Carbofuran Degradation by Biogenic Manganese Oxides

This work studied the effect of biogenic manganese oxides (Bio-MnOx) on carbofuran degradation.The results showed that 21.05 % and 90.63 % carbofuran, respectively, were degraded in 4 days by Bio-MnOx with and without NaN3 at initial pH 4.80, whereas carbofuran was hardly degraded by chemical manganese oxides in the same condition. Bio-MnOx promoted carbofuran hydrolysis by changing the pH of the environment and encouraged carbofuran phenol cleavage by its oxidization. Both the oxidation of carbofuran phenol by Bio-MnOx and the reoxidation of the released Mn(II) by Mn(II)-oxidizing microorganisms ensured the continuous reactivity of Bio-MnOx and prevented the secondary pollution of Mn(II). Carbofuran phenol was the major transformation product in the degradation and was further oxidized into small organic molecules as monitored by a GC/MS analyzer. This report offers an efficient, feasible, and no-secondary-pollution approach to controlling carbofuran pollution.