Precision medicine in Parkinson's disease: emerging treatments for genetic Parkinson's disease

In recent years, numerous clinical trials for disease modification in Parkinson's disease (PD) have failed, possibly because of a one-size-fits all approach. Alternatively, a precision medicine approach, which customises treatments based on patients' individual genotype, may help reach disease modification. Here, we review clinical trials that target genetic forms of PD, i.e., GBA-associated and LRRK2-associated PD. In summary, six ongoing studies which explicitely recruit GBA-PD patients, and two studies which recruit LRRK2-PD patients, were identified. Available data on mechanisms of action, study design, and challenges of therapeutic trials are discussed.