Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
Volume 154, Issue 2, Pages 121-143Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14970
Keywords
endocytosis; endosomal recycling; exocytosis; NMDA receptors; protein-protein interactions; receptor trafficking; synaptic plasticity
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Funding
- Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 NS002994, ZIA NS002994] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [ZIANS002994] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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TheN-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ionotropic glutamate receptors that mediate the flux of calcium (Ca2+) into the post-synaptic compartment. Ca(2+)influx subsequently triggers the activation of various intracellular signalling cascades that underpin multiple forms of synaptic plasticity. Functional NMDARs are assembled as heterotetramers composed of two obligatory GluN1 subunits and two GluN2 or GluN3 subunits. Four different GluN2 subunits (GluN2A-D) are present throughout the central nervous system; however, they are differentially expressed, both developmentally and spatially, in a cell- and synapse-specific manner. Each GluN2 subunit confers NMDARs with distinct ion channel properties and intracellular trafficking pathways. Regulated membrane trafficking of NMDARs is a dynamic process that ultimately determines the number of NMDARs at synapses, and is controlled by subunit-specific interactions with various intracellular regulatory proteins. Here we review recent progress made towards understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the trafficking of GluN2-containing NMDARs, focusing on the roles of several key synaptic proteins that interact with NMDARs via their carboxyl termini.
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