Journal
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
Volume 493, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.165713
Keywords
Nickel oxide; NiO; Superparamagnetism; Exchange bias; Memory effect
Funding
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India
- Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/19.0386]
- Research Infrastructure NanoEnviCz [LM2015073]
- European Union European Structural and Investment Funds in the frames of Operational Program Research, Development and Education - Project Hybrid Materials for Hierarchical Structures [CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000843]
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We herein investigate the novel magnetic interactions, such as exchange bias (EB), memory effect (ME) and magnetic relaxation dynamics (MRD) in NiO and 10 wt% Gd doped NiO nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction studies showed crystallization of face-centered-cubic structure for both NiO and Gd-doped NiO nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed a spherical morphology for both samples and their mean particle sizes were estimated as 24.5 and 10.3 nm for the pure and Gd-doped NiO nanoparticles, respectively. SQUID magnetic measurements demonstrated the occurrence of large EB coupling: 1.04 and 0.767 kOe; and enhanced coercive fields: 1.75 and 1.27 kOe, for the pure and Gd-doped NiO nanoparticles, respectively. The size-dependent magnetic properties such as, EB, ME and MRD is found to vanish at the average blocking temperature and interestingly, these properties set-in on cooling the samples at 5 K under applied field of 5 kOe. The surface defects such as oxygen vacancies and the Gd2O3 impurity phase played a significant role in determining the EB and ME characteristics of NiO nanoparticles.
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