Journal
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
Volume 108, Issue 3, Pages 825-834Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1002/JLB.4MR0220-446R
Keywords
BCG; influenza; innate immune memory; innate immune tolerance; lung; memory M phi s; mucosal vaccines; tissue-resident M phi s; trained innate immunity; tuberculosis
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Program
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Canadian Foundation for Innovation
- McMaster University
- CIHR Doctoral Award
- Ontario Government
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In the past few years, our understanding of immunological memory has evolved remarkably due to a growing body of new knowledge in innate immune memory and immunity. Immunological memory now encompasses both innate and adaptive immune memory. The hypo-reactive and hyper-reactive types of innate immune memory lead to a suppressed and enhanced innate immune protective outcome, respectively. The latter is also named trained innate immunity (TII). The emerging information on innate immune memory has not only shed new light on the mechanisms of host defense but is also revolutionizing our long-held view of vaccination and vaccine strategies. Our current review will examine recent progress and knowledge gaps in innate immune memory with a focus on tissue-resident M phi s, particularly lung M phi s, and their relationship to local antimicrobial innate immunity. We will also discuss the impact of innate immune memory and TII on our understanding of vaccine concept and strategies and the significance of respiratory mucosal route of vaccination against respiratory pathogens.
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