Journal
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
Volume 108, Issue 2, Pages 591-599Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1002/JLB.3MR0120-203RR
Keywords
3D culture; BRAF mutation; cell metabolism; cytokines; histiocytosis
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Funding
- ECD Global Alliance
- AIRC under MFAG 2018 [22136]
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Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare histiocytosis characterized by infiltration of multiple tissues by CD68(+) foamy M phi s (or 'histiocytes'). Clinical manifestations arise from mass-forming lesions or from tissue and systemic inflammation. ECD histiocytes harbor oncogenic mutations along the MAPK-kinase signaling pathway (BRAF(V600E) in more than half of the patients), and secrete abundant pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Based on these features, ECD is considered an inflammatory myeloid neoplasm, and is accordingly managed with targeted kinase inhibitors or immunosuppressive and cytokine-blocking agents. Evidence is emerging that maladaptive metabolic changes, particularly up-regulated glycolysis, represent an additional, mutation-driven feature of ECD histiocytes, which sustains deregulated and protracted pro-inflammatory activation and cytokine production. Besides translational relevance to the management of ECD patients and to the development of new therapeutic approaches, recognition of ECD as a natural human model of chronic, maladaptive M phi activation instructs the understanding of M phi dysfunction in other chronic inflammatory conditions.
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