Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 381, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121200
Keywords
Advanced oxidation processes; Ferrites; Photo-Fenton; Ciprofloxacin; Carbamazepine
Categories
Funding
- Jose Castillejo mobility program of the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports
- Operational Program Research, Development and Education of the European Regional Development Fund
- Czech Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports [CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000754]
- INHA University [INHA-60121-1]
- University of Cincinnati through a UNESCO co-Chair Professor position on Water Access and Sustainability
- Herman Schneider Professorship in the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
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Fenton processes are promising wastewater treatment alternatives for bio-recalcitrant compounds. Three different methods (i.e., reverse microemulsion, sol-gel, and combustion) were designed to synthesize environmentally friendly ferrites as magnetically recoverable catalysts to be applied for the decomposition of two pharmaceuticals (ciprofloxacin and carbamazepine) that are frequently detected in water bodies. The catalysts were used in a heterogeneous solar photo-Fenton treatment to save the cost of applying high-energy UV radiation sources, and was performed under a slightly basic pH to avoid metal leaching and adding salts for pH adjustment. All the developed catalysts resulted in the effective treatment of ciprofloxacin and carbamazepine in both synthetic and real domestic wastewater. In particular, the sol-gel synthesized ferrite was more magnetic and more suitable for reuse. The degradation pathways of both compounds were elucidated for this treatment. The degradation of ciprofloxacin involved attacks to the quinolone and piperazine rings. The degradation pathway of carbamazepine involved the formation of hydroxyl carbamazepine and dihydroxy carbamazepine before yielding acridine by hydrogen abstraction, decarboxylation, and amine cleavage, which would be further oxidized.
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