Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
Volume 522, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2019.151247
Keywords
Giant kelp; Global warming; Ocean acidification; Local adaptation; Reproduction; Gametophyte
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Opportunities Worldwide (GROW) fellowship
- Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT-Chile) Fund for Exploration
- Point Reyes National Marine Sanctuary Neubacher Fund
- University of California-Davis Henry A. Jastro Research Fellowship
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Understanding how climate change may influence ecosystems depends substantially on its effects on foundation species, such as the ecologically important giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera). Despite its broad distribution along strong temperature and pH gradients and strong barriers to dispersal, the potential for local adaptation to climate change variables among kelp populations remains poorly understood. We assessed this potential by exposing giant kelp early life stages from genetically disparate populations in Chile and California to current and projected temperature and pH levels in common garden experiments. We observed high resistance at the haploid life stage to elevated temperatures with developmental failure appearing at the egg and sporophyte production stages among Chilean and high-latitude California populations, suggesting a greater vulnerability to climate- or ENSO-driven warming events. Additionally, populations that experience low pH events via strong upwelling, internal waves, or estuarine processes, produced more eggs per female under experimental low-pH conditions, which could increase fertilization success. These results enhance our ability to predict population extinctions and ecosystem range shifts under projected declines in ocean pH and increases in ocean temperature.
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