Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
Volume 71, Issue 10, Pages 2995-3011Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa067
Keywords
Cell death; Colourless non-ripening; nuclear localization signal; SlSnRK1; SlSPL-CNR; tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening; zinc-finger motif
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Science & Technology of China [2017YFE0110900]
- Ministry of Agriculture of China [2016ZX08009001-004]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31872636, 31370180, 31401926]
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [LY18C150009]
- Hangzhou Normal University [9995C5021841101, PD201108]
- Hangzhou City SD Bureau [20131028]
- UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/E/H/00YH0271]
- UK Royal Society [RG072176]
- BBSRC [BBS/E/H/00YH0271] Funding Source: UKRI
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SlSPL-CNR, an SBP-box transcription factor (TF) gene residing at the epimutant Colourless non-ripening (Cnr) locus, is involved in tomato ripening. This epimutant provides a unique model to investigate the (epi)genetic basis of fruit ripening. Here we report that SlSPL-CNR is a nucleus-localized protein with a distinct monopartite nuclear localization signal (NLS). It consists of four consecutive residues '30KRKR33' at the N-terminus of the protein. Mutation of the NLS abolishes SlSPL-CNR's ability to localize in the nucleus. SlSPL-CNR comprises two zinc-finger motifs (ZFMs) within the C-terminal SBP-box domain. Both ZFMs contribute to zinc-binding activity. SlSPL-CNR can induce cell death in tomato and tobacco, dependent on its nuclear localization. However, the two ZFMs have differential impacts on SlSPL-CNR's induction of severe necrosis or mild necrotic ringspot. NLS and ZFM mutants cannot complement Cnr fruits to ripen. SlSPL-CNR interacts with SlSnRK1. Virus-induced SlSnRK1 silencing leads to reduction in expression of ripening-related genes and inhibits ripening in tomato. We conclude that SlSPL-CNR is a multifunctional protein that consists of a distinct monopartite NLS, binds to zinc, and interacts with SlSnRK1 to affect cell death and tomato fruit ripening.
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