Oligosaccharide concentrations in colostrum, transition milk, and mature milk of primi- and multiparous Holstein cows during the first week of lactation

The objective of this study was to characterize the oligosaccharide (OS) profile of colostrum and transition milk from primiparous (Pp, n = 10) and multiparous (Mp, n = 10) Holstein cows. The experiment was conducted on a commercial dairy farm, where cows were assigned to the study at calving. Colostrum (milking 1) was collected at 5.3 +/- 0.7 h after parturition, followed by collection of milkings 2 through 6, milkings 8, 10, 12, and 14 at 0500 and 1600 h each day. Samples were analyzed for OS concentrations using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and for IgG and milk components. Concentration of IgG was highest in colostrum and milking 2. Colostral IgG concentration was less in Pp cows than in Mp cows (82.1 +/- 3.1 vs. 106.1 +/- 16.2 mg/mL). Colostrum and milkings 2 and 3 had 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose concentrations greater than those of mature milk (milkings 8+). For colostrum and milking 2, 6'-sialyllactosamine concentrations were higher than all other milkings, while disialyllactose was only higher in colostrum. In addition, 3'-sialyllactose was the most abundant OS in colostrum and milkings 2 and 3 compared with all other OS. A parity difference was observed for 6'-sialyllactosamine, with Mp having a higher concentration over the first 7 d in milk than Pp (46.4 +/- 8.7 vs. 16.9 +/- 3.2 mu g/mL). Similar results were observed between milkings for OS yields. Parity differences were detected for 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose, and 6'-sialyllactosamine yield, with Mp yield being greater than Pp over the first 7 d in milk. These findings demonstrate that colostrum and transition milk contain elevated concentrations of certain OS compared with mature milk and suggest further research should be conducted regarding the potential benefits of OS in colostrum and transition milk when fed to newborn calves.