Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 295, Issue 11, Pages 3417-3430Publisher
AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.012741
Keywords
antimicrobial peptide (AMP); innate immunity; aggregation; thrombin; lipopolysaccharide (LPS); peptides; bacteria; endotoxin; Toll-like receptor (TLR); inflammation; host defense; thrombin-derived C-terminal peptide (TCP)
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Funding
- Swedish Research Council [2012-1883, 2017-02341]
- Welander-Finsen Foundation
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
- Swedish Government Funds for Clinical Research (ALF)
- Lund University
- Crafoord 2018-2019 Foundation
- Osterlund Foundation
- Johanssons Foundation
- Soderberg 2019 Foundation
- Vinnova [2017-02341] Funding Source: Vinnova
- Swedish Research Council [2017-02341] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
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Thrombin-derived C-terminal peptides (TCPs), including a major 11-kDa fragment (TCP96), are produced through cleavage by human neutrophil elastase and aggregate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. However, the physiological roles of TCP96 in controlling bacterial infections and reducing LPS-induced inflammation are unclear. Here, using various biophysical methods, in silico molecular modeling, microbiological and cellular assays, and animal models, we examined the structural features and functional roles of recombinant TCP96 (rTCP96) in the aggregation of multiple bacteria and the Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists they produce. We found that rTCP96 aggregates both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and their cell-wall components LPS, lipid A, and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). The Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and P. aeruginosa were particularly sensitive to aggregation-induced bacterial permeabilization and killing. As a proof of concept, we show that rTCP96 reduces LPS-induced NF-?B activation in human monocytes, as well as in mouse models of LPS-induced subcutaneous inflammation. Moreover, in a mouse model of subcutaneous inoculation with P. aeruginosa, rTCP96 reduced bacterial levels. Together, these results link TCP-mediated aggregation of endotoxins and bacteria in vitro to attenuation of inflammation and bacterial levels in vivo.
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