Journal
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 145, Issue 5, Pages 1452-1463Publisher
MOSBY-ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.12.896
Keywords
Inborn error of immunity; primary immunodeficiency disorder; immune dysregulation; clinical score; performance scale; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; CTLA4; abatacept; sirolimus; combined immunodeficiency
Categories
Funding
- Styrian Children's Cancer Aid Foundation
- Slovenian Research Agency [P3-0343]
- Jonas S_oderquist Foundation
- Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [217S847, 318S202]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Germany's Excellence Strategy [390939984, 39087428]
- E-Rare program of the European Union by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [GR1617/14-1/iPAD]
- Netzwerke Seltener Erkrankungen of the German Ministry of Education and Research [GAIN_ 01GM1910A]
- Finnish Foundation for Pediatric Research and Pediatric Research Center, HUS Helsinki University Hospital
- Graduate Research Training Scholarship of the Australian government
- Hadassah Australia
- ERN-RITA network [739543]
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Background: Recent findings strongly support hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with severe presentation of LPS-responsive beige-like anchor protein (LRBA) deficiency, but long-term follow-up and survival data beyond previous patient reports or meta-reviews are scarce for those patients who do not receive a transplant. Objective: This international retrospective study was conducted to elucidate the longitudinal clinical course of patients with LRBA deficiency who do and do not receive a transplant. Method: We assessed disease burden and treatment responses with a specially developed immune deficiency and dysregulation activity score, reflecting the sum and severity of organ involvement and infections, days of hospitalization, supportive care requirements, and performance indices. Results: Of 76 patients with LRBA deficiency from 29 centers (median follow-up, 10 years; range, 1-52), 24 underwent HSCT from 2005 to 2019. The overall survival rate after HSCT (median follow-up, 20 months) was 70.8% (17 of 24 patients); all deaths were due to nonspecific, early, transplant-related mortality. Currently, 82.7% of patients who did not receive a transplant (43 of 52; age range, 3-69 years) are alive. Of 17 HSCT survivors, 7 are in complete remission and 5 are in good partial remission without treatment (together, 12 of 17 [70.6%]). In contrast, only 5 of 43 patients who did not receive a transplant (11.6%) are without immunosuppression. Immune deficiency and dysregulation activity scores were significantly lower in patients who survived HSCT than in those receiving conventional treatment (P = .005) or in patients who received abatacept or sirolimus as compared with other therapies, and in patients with residual LRBA expression. Higher disease burden, longer duration before HSCT, and lung involvement were associated with poor outcome. Conclusion: The lifelong disease activity, implying a need for immunosuppression and risk of malignancy, must be weighed against the risks of HSCT.
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