Journal
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
Volume 115, Issue 5, Pages 860-867Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515005231
Keywords
Apples; Fruits; All-cause mortality; Disease-specific mortality; CVD; Cancer
Categories
Funding
- Healthway Health Promotion Foundation of Western Australia
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Research Advisory Committee
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [254627, 303169, 572604]
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Senior Research Fellowship
- MRF/UWA Post-doctoral Fellowship
- Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia
- Fruit West
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Higher fruit intake is associated with lower risk of all-cause and disease-specific mortality. However, data on individual fruits are limited, and the generalisability of these findings to the elderly remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to examine the association of apple intake with all-cause and disease-specific mortality over 15 years in a cohort of women aged over 70 years. Secondary analyses explored relationships of other fruits with mortality outcomes. Usual fruit intake was assessed in 1456 women using a FFQ. Incidence of all-cause and disease-specific mortality over 15 years was determined through the Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Data system. Cox regression was used to determine the hazard ratios (HR) for mortality. During 15 years of follow-up, 607 (41.7%) women died from any cause. In the multivariable-adjusted analysis, the HR for all-cause mortality was 0.89 (95% CI 0.81, 0.97) per SD (53 g/d) increase in apple intake, HR 0.80 (95% CI 0.65, 0.98) for consumption of 5-100 g/d and HR 0.65 (95% CI 0.48, 0.89) for consumption of >100 g/d (an apple a day), compared with apple intake of < 5 g/d (P-for (trend) = 0.03). Our analysis also found that higher apple intake was associated with lower risk for cancer mortality, and that higher total fruit and banana intakes were associated lower risk of CVD mortality (P < 0.05). Our results support the view that regular apple consumption may contribute to lower risk of mortality.
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