Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 68, Issue 6, Pages 1525-1535Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05912
Keywords
iodine; zinc; selenium; malnutrition; micronutrient deficiencies; nutrition-sensitive agriculture; agronomic biofortification; wholegrain bread; wheat; rice
Funding
- SQM International N.V.
- International Fertilizer Association (IFA)
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Enrichment of food crops with iodine is an option to alleviate dietary deficiencies. Therefore, foliar iodine fertilizer was applied on wheat and rice, in the presence and absence of the other micronutrients zinc and selenium. This treatment increased the concentration of iodine, as well as zinc and selenium, in the staple grains. Subsequently, potential iodine losses during preparation of foodstuffs with the enriched grains were studied. Oven-heating did not affect the iodine content in bread. Extraction of bran from flour lowered the iodine in white bread compared to wholegrain bread, but it was still markedly higher compared to the control. During subsequent in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, a higher percentage of iodine was released from foods based on extracted flour (82-92%) compared to wholegrain foods (50-76%). The foliar fertilization of wheat was found to be adequate to alleviate iodine deficiency in a population with a moderate to high intake of bread.
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